POTENTIAL DUE TO AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE

Electric dipole

An electric dipole consists of two equal and charges separated by a (small) vector distance 2a

Its total charge is  

It is characterised by a dipole moment vector p whose magnitude is q × 2a and which points in the direction from charge to charge

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Potential due to Electric dipole

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Electric potential is for θ = 0, for θ = π.

The potential in the equatorial plane ( θ = π/2) is

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Single charge versus Dipole

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The potential falls off, at large distance, obeying inverse square law , not as the characteristic of the potential due to a which varies inversely with distance

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